home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
The PC-SIG Library 10
/
The PC-Sig Library - Shareware for the IBM PC and Compatibles (PC-SIG)(Tenth Edition Disks 1-2804)(1991).iso
/
PC_SIGCD
/
02
/
0
/
DISK0201.ZIP
/
POW.DOC
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1980-01-01
|
26KB
|
642 lines
:PN 1 :DM 5,75 :SP 1 :PT 5,3 :PB 5,3 :PL 56 :DB 1,10 :JT
:TM 1,The IBM Personal Computer POW Manual Version 3
:BM 37,Page :
:JE
GE THE POW WORD PROCESSOR
=== === ==== =========
:LF 1
ON THE IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER
== === === ======== ========
:JT :LF 3
:CM GE(Version 3.0)
:LF 39
:JE
Michael V. Maieli
Raleigh, NC
January, 1983
HF
:JT :NP :JE
GAbstract
--------
H :JT :BP
This manual describes the POW (Processor Of Words) word processing program that
is currently available for the IBM Personal Computer.
Originally designed for the Intel 8080 CPU by Clyde Roby in a program called
PRINTER, POW is a subsequent modification of PRINTER enabling similar usage
with the Intel 8088, the central processing unit used in the IBM Personal
Computer.
:LF 3 :JE
GIntroduction
------------
H :JT :BP
POW is a word processing program capable of executing on the IBM Personal
Computer.
Like most other text formatters, POW accepts inputs in the form of files
which have been created using a program editor.
These files contain two types of data: {1} the reserved keywords (operators),
including their parameters, which together obey the POW syntax rules, and {2}
the actual word text (operands) in upper and lower case which is manipulated
through the use of the reserved keywords in a predetermined way.
Keywords are freely inserted into the source text when it is prepared.
POW has the ability to set and dynamically alter margins, tabs, spacing,
justification, and indentation, and can provide automatic centering.
Automatic pagination including top and bottom titles and/or page numbering is
also available.
:BP
Since POW executes under IBM PC-DOS (MS-DOS), filename conventions for DOS also
apply to POW.
Refer to page 2-8 in the "Disk Operating System" manual for a list of these
conventions.
Additionally, in order to distinguish POW files from all other types of files,
the required file extension '.POW' is used.
:LF 3 :JE
GInvocation
----------
H :JT :BP
To invoke POW, first ensure that the system file POW.COM is on a diskette
which is accessible by the system.
Next, while under the PC-DOS environment, type "POW".
A startup message will be received and POW then waits for user response.
Three options are available to the user at this point; loading, processing, or
exiting.
Normal operation is as follows: {1} Reply with the letter L (capital letter),
{1} Reply with the letter L (capital letter), informing POW that you want to
load a source file.
{2} Input the entire file specification of that source file (i.e.,
d:filename.ext using all capital letters) at which time POW processes the
source file.
{3} Reply with the letter P (capital letter) informing POW to print the output
document.
{4} Upon completion, reply with the letter Q (capital letter) informing POW to
quit and return to PC-DOS (you may, of course, exit POW at any time by
inputting a CTRL-C).
:LF 3 :JE
GPOW Syntax
--- ------
H :JT :BP
Reserved keywords, or commands, are the operators POW uses to carry out tasks.
Commands consist of the same basic format, which is a colon (:) immediately
followed by a two letter command name (an abbreviation resembling the function
to be performed) specified in capital letters.
Some commands do not require any more clarification than this and so would end
at this point with a terminator.
Other commands do require additional clarification, but because of exisiting
defaults, optional parameters need only be supplied if the defaults are to
be overridden.
Delimiters separate options from the command name and from each other, and are
concluded with a terminator.
Delimiters are either a comma (,) or a space ( ), and a terminator can be a
comma (,), a space ( ), or null ().
This allows maximum freedom from rigid command syntax.
:BP
There is no 'literal' command (as there is in SCRIPT/370), but it is still
possible to print out the colon (:) if needed as text data.
The CTRL-K key preceeding any character causes that character to be printed as
it appears without decoding.
Hence, CTRL-K: causes the colon to be printed without any associated POW
meaning.
:BP
The POW commands are examined on the next few pages.
They are presented in alphabetical order, and for each command there exist 5
different sections to describe it.
First, the full command name is given, with capital letters highlighting the
2-character abbreviation.
This 2-character abbreviation is again shown in the second section, syntax,
preceeded by a colon and followed by command parameters, if applicable.
Command semantics make up the third section.
This is the largest section, and it is here that the command is described as
to its function, its parameter requirements and the forms they must take,
its usage in a text file, and any noteworthy points including some examples.
The fourth section show parameter defaults, or the values the parameters will
take if they are not explicitly overridden.
Finally, references to other commands of the same general category or of mutual
dependence are presented.
:NP
ECommand - Bottom Message
:LF 1
FSyntax - :BM a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :BM command instructs POW to define a bottom title to be
printed on every page.
Parameter a is numeric; it is the horizontal character position at which the
message will begin.
Parameter b is alphanumeric; it is the actual text of the message.
The colon character, when used in the bottom title, provides automatic page
numbering.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :TM, :PB
:LF 3
ECommand - Begin Paragraph
:LF 1
FSyntax - :BP
:LF 1
Semantics - The :BP command instructs POW to start a new paragraph.
Upon encountering this command, POW first closes the present line.
It then performs a previously specified number of line feeds (vertical spacing)
and indents to a previously specified character position (horizontal spacing).
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :DB
:LF 3
ECommand - Close Centering
:LF 1
FSyntax - :CC
:LF 1
Semantics - The :CC command instructs POW to stop centering text which was
started with the :CT command.
This command must be paired with the :CT command.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :CT, :CM
:LF 3
ECommand - Center Message
:LF 1
FSyntax - :CM a
:LF 1
Semantics - The :CM command instructs POW to center a piece of text between
the predefined left and right margins.
The parameter a is alphanumeric; it is the text to be centered.
This command need not be closed by the :CC command because only 1 line of
text will be centered.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :CC, :CT
:LF 3
ECommand - Center Text
:LF 1
FSyntax - :CT a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :CT command instructs POW to center text around a
specified position.
Different from the :CM command, POW will continue to center source text
until a :CC command is encountered.
The parameter a is numeric; it is the position about which text is to be
centered (counting from the left side of the page, NOT the left margin).
The parameter b is alphanumeric; it is the actual text to be centered.
The text will not be printed until the :CC command is encountered.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :CC, :CM
:LF 3
ECommand - Define Begin paragraph
:LF 1
FSyntax - :DB a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :DB command instructs POW to establish paragraph formatting
characteristics.
The parameter a is numeric; it is the number of line feeds (vertical spacing)
to skip before beginning the next paragraph.
The parameter b is numeric; it is the number of character positions
(horizontal spacing) to indent the first line of every paragraph.
The indentation can be set to any position right or left of the left margin.
This can allow for versatile indention formatting.
:LF 1
Default - a = 1, b = the left margin
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :BP, :DM
:LF 3
ECommand - Define Margins
:LF 1
FSyntax - :DM a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :DM command instructs POW to establish left and right
margins.
The parameter a is numeric; it is the position of the left margin.
The parameter b is numeric; it is the position of the right margin.
:LF 1
Default - a = 10, b = 70
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :DB
:LF 3
ECommand - Define Tabs
:LF 1
FSyntax - :DT a,b,c,d...
:LF 1
Semantics - The :DT command instructs POW to set up tabs.
A maximum of 14 tabs can be set.
The parameters a, b, c, d... are numeric; they are the positions of the tabs.
Tabs must be in ascending order and no error checking is done on them.
:LF 1
Default - a = 15, b = 22, c = 30, d = 45
:LF 1
References - None
:LF 3
ECommand - Justification End
:LF 1
FSyntax - :JE
:LF 1
Semantics - The :JE command instructs POW to close the present line and end
all justification (formatting).
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :JL, :JT
:LF 3
ECommand - Justification Left
:LF 1
FSyntax - :JL
:LF 1
Semantics - The :JL command instructs POW to begin justification
(formatting) with respect to the left margin only.
It produces what is known as "ragged right" formatting.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :JE, :JT
:LF 3
ECommand - Justification Total
:LF 1
FSyntax - :JT
:LF 1
Semantics - The :JT command instructs POW to begin total justification
(formatting) with respect to both the left and right margins.
Automatic space filling is performed.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :JE, :JL
:LF 3
ECommand - Line Feed
:LF 1
FSyntax - :LF a
:LF 1
Semantics - The :LF command instructs POW to skip a specified number of
vertical spaces.
The parameter a is numeric; it is the the number of carriage return/line
feed sequences desired.
:LF 1
Default - a = 1
:LF 1
References - None
:LF 3
ECommand - New Page
:LF 1
FSyntax - :NP
:LF 1
Semantics - The :NP command instructs POW to eject to a new page.
It forces the close of the present page, feeds it out of the printer,
and then begins a new page.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :PN
:LF 3
ECommand - OFf printer
:LF 1
FSyntax - :OF
:LF 1
Semantics - The :OF command instructs POW to turn off the printer.
The program continues to process text as if the printer were on, but there
is no output.
By using the :OF and :ON commands, non-printable commentary can reside in
the source text.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :ON
:LF 3
ECommand - ON printer
:LF 1
FSyntax - :ON
:LF 1
Semantics - The :ON command instructs POW to turn on the printer after it
has been turned off by the :OF command.
By using these two commands, a section of text input can be skipped over
without printing.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :OF
:LF 3
ECommand - Page Bottom
:LF 1
FSyntax - :PB a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :PB command instructs POW to reserve a bottom-of-page
section, acting as a page trailer.
The parameter a is numeric; it specifies how many lines are to be dedicated
to the trailer.
If this parameter is zero, text printing continues to the absolute bottom of
the page.
The parameter b is numeric; it specifies which line into the trailer (counting
sequentially from the bottom of this reserved section) will contain the bottom
title if one was specified.
A value of zero for this parameter cancels bottom title printing.
:LF 1
Default - a = 10, b has no default
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :PT, :BM, :PL
:LF 3
ECommand - PaGe
:LF 1
FSyntax - :PG
:LF 1
Semantics - The :PG command instructs POW to immediately force the beginning
of a new page, regardless of whether the present page is finished or not.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :NP
:LF 3
ECommand - Page Length
:LF 1
FSyntax - :PL a
:LF 1
Semantics - The :PL command instructs POW as to how long the text portion of
the page will be.
The parameter a is numeric; it is the length of the text portion of the page.
This parameter can be changed to allow the program to adapt to any physical
size of paper, but should be chosen carefully to perfectly match the logical
page size to the physical page size.
For instance, if the paper being used is the standard 8.5 inch by 11 inch white
bond paper and the character print is set at 6 lines per inch, then 66 lines can
fit on a physical page.
Therefore, the command parameters which affect logical page size (i.e., the
"a" parameters on :PT, :PL, and :PB commands) should all be chosen such that
their sum equals exactly 66.
:LF 1
Default - a = 45
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :PB, :PT
:LF 3
ECommand - Page Number
:LF 1
FSyntax - :PN a
:LF 1
Semantics - The :PN command instructs POW to set the page number to a
specified value.
The maximum value is 256.
:LF 1
Default - a = 0
:LF 1
References - None
:LF 3
ECommand - Page Top
:LF 1
FSyntax - :PT a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :PT command instructs POW to reserve a top-of-page section,
acting as a page header.
The parameter a is a numeric; it specifies how many lines are to be dedicated
to the header.
If this parameter is zero, text printing begins at the absolute top of the
page.
The parameter b is a numeric; it specifies which line into the header (counting
sequentially from the bottom of this reserved section) will contain the top
title if one was specified.
A value of zero for this parameter cancels top title printing.
:LF 1
Default - a = 10, b has no default
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :PB, :TM, :PL
:LF 3
ECommand - SPacing
:LF 1
FSyntax - :SP a
:LF 1
Semantics - The :SP command instructs POW to set the line spacing for the
output text.
The parameter a is numeric; it specifies the line spacing.
A value of 1 for this parameter indicates single spacing, 2 double spacing,
3 triple spacing, etc.
:LF 1
Default - a = 1
:LF 1
References - None
:LF 3
ECommand - Top Message
:LF 1
FSyntax - :TM a,b
:LF 1
Semantics - The :TM command instructs POW to define a top title to be
printed on every page.
Parameter a is numeric; it is the horizontal character position at which the
message will begin.
Parameter b is alphanumeric; it is the actual text of the message.
The colon character, when used in the top title, provides automatic page
numbering.
:LF 1
Default - None
:LF 1
References - See command(s) :BM, :PT
:JT :NP :JE
GFont Usage
---- -----
H :JT :BP
POW is capable of using all of the 12 fonts available on the IBM 80-CPS
Personal Computer printer (Epson MX-80) for text processing.
Fonts are subject only to the normal constraints imposed by PC-DOS.
:BP
Here is an example:
:JE :LF 1
This is the standard font (80 cpl, 6 lpi) activated on startup.
CNT-O activates the compressed font (132 cpl), effective until a
CNT-R is issued whereupon the standard font is reactivated.
CNT-N starts expanded font (40 cpl) &
CNT-T allows the standard font to be reactivated.
CNT-O/CNT-N foster the compressed/expanded font (66 cpl)
with CNT-R/CNT-T reactivating the standard font.
:LF 1
This is the standard mode.
GESC-G activates double strike mode, usable by the standard font,
or the compressed font,
or the expanded font,
or the compressed/expanded font.
HESC-H stops the double strike mode, and starts the standard mode.
EESC-E activates emphasized mode, usable by the standard font,
or the expanded font,
but not with the compressed font or the compressed/expanded font.
FESC-F deactivates the emphasized mode, and starts the standard mode.
GEESC-G/ESC-E is the double strike/emphasized mode for standard font
or the expanded font,
but not with the compressed font or the compressed/expanded font.
HFESC-H/ESC-F reactivates the standard mode.
:LF 3 :JE
GFunctional Limitations
---------- -----------
H :JT :BP
POW is a simple word processor (it only possesses 22 commands).
It has minor similarity to IBM's program product SCRIPT/370 in that commands are
two character abbreviations preceeded by a special symbol (a colon in POW's
syntax) which can appear freely throughout the user text.
It can perform the most fundamental (and most frequently used) format
techniques, but SCRIPT users may be frustrated at POW's lack of
sophisticated function.
POW doesn't have the capabilty to do some trivial tasks, such as underlining,
character translation, imbed functions, or roman numerals, nor can it perform
more difficult tasks like storing a table of contents or an index, keeping
a section of text immune from page ejects, or having any run time processing
logic.
POW makes no distinction between line spaces and line skips; every :LF is a
line space regardless of whether is just occurred on a new page.
Additionally, no macro facility is provided to invent such routines.
There is no way to store output from POW in a file or send it to the video
monitor for a quick review before printing.
Graphics are limited to character graphics (that which is available on the
printer), and, without the use of a SPOOL program to keep the printer operating
independent of the system unit, POW will only process and print text one page
at a time.
This means the user has to stay and hit the enter key after each page has
finished printing.
However, a SPOOL program will alleviate this problem, and when compared to
some word processing programs currently marketed for the IBM PC, POW's
simplicity makes it easy to use and remember.
The adjustment from SCRIPT to POW is much easier than from SCRIPT to
EasyWriter.
(This document was composed using POW.
For tips and techniques used, display the source of this manual.)
:LF 3 :JE
GPOW Idiosyncracies
--- --------------
H :JT :BP
There do exist some bizarre idiosyncracies with this program.
:BP
When using POW, the user must insure that the logical page size, as determined
by some of the commands, equal the physical page size, as determined by the
number of lines printed per inch times the number of inches on the page.
That is, the first parameter on the :PT (page top) and :PB (page bottom)
commands (indicating reserved lines for every page) and the parameter on
the :PL (page length) command (indicating how many lines on each page will be
devoted to text) must sum to the total number of lines on the page.
Normally, this number is 66 (11 inch paper with 6 lpi).
This is not unusual.
What is strange is that if the printer has the print head adjacent to the first
line on the paper, the first page of the document is offset by the number of
lines specified in the first parameter of the :PT command.
All subsequent pages, although logically the right length, are physically
in the wrong position on the paper.
This can be compensated for by turning the printer offline and hitting the line
feed button the number of times specified on the first parameter of the :PT
command.
POW will support other line-per-inch options (such as 8 lpi and 10 lpi), but
the appropriate compensation must be made within the aforementioned
commands.
:BP
Another problem with POW has to do with expanded fonts.
In forming titles, for instance, POW will concatenate following lines of
text to fill out the 40 characters per line allowed in this font.
Even when an attempt is made to pad out the title with suceeding blanks,
POW truncates all but one of the blanks.
To compensate for this, use an unprintable character (such as a CTRL-G) as
the last line of the title to hold the places of all the needed blanks.
POW will "print" a CTRL-G as the last character of the title, but all this
does is just send an audible beep to the printer.
CTRL-K also works and without the alarm.
In effect, we fake out POW.
:BP
The double strike mode is turned on with an ESC-G and turned off with an ESC-H.
The emphasized mode is turned on with an ESC-E and turned off with an ESC-F.
For highlighting purposes, both these modes are used either singly or in
conjunction with one another.
To highlight one line of text, the ESC-G and/or ESC-E starts the line in the
source document.
However, placing an ESC-H and/or ESC-F at the end of the line will not turn
off the hightlight, and the rest of the document remains in the most recently
set highlight mode.
To correct this problem, the ESC-H and/or ESC-F must appear on the next line of
source text.
This turns off the highlight, but, in the case of double strike mode, an extra
blank line will appear in the output text in some instances.
:BP
Actual page numbering only begins with the number "2".
Logical page number integrity is maintained, however, based on the input POW
received on the :PN command.
:JT :NP :JE
GCommand Summary
------- -------
H :JT :BP
Below is a quick summary of all the POW commands, giving command names,
command syntax, and parameter syntax.
:LF 3 :JE
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:BM a,b Bottom Message a = horizontal indentation, b = text
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:BP Begin Paragraph
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:CC Close Centering
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:CM a Center Message a = text (single line)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:CT a,b Center Text a = numeric centering pivot, b = text
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:DB a,b Define Begin para. a = # line feeds, b = # spaces
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:DM a,b Define Margins a = left margin, b = right margin
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:DT a,b,... Define Tabs a, b,... = tabular column set(s)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:JE Justification End
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:JL Justification Left
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:JT Justification Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:LF a Line Feed a = # carriage return/line feeds
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:NP New Page
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:OF OFf printer
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:ON ON printer
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:PB a,b Page Bottom a = # trailer lines, b = title line
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:PG PaGe
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:PL a Page Length a = # text lines
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:PN a Page Number a
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:PT a,b Page Top a = # header lines, b = title line
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:SP a SPacing a = # of blank spaces between lines
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:TM a,b Top Message a = horizontal indentation, b = text
----------------------------------------------------------------------
:JT :NP :JE
GReferences
----------
H :JE :LF 1
1.) "POWTEXT.POW" document; public IBM PC software library.
:LF 1
2.) "POWCMDS.POW" document; public IBM PC software library.
:LF 1
3.) "SCRIPT/370:User's Guide"; IBM program product.
:LF 3 :JE
GAuthor's Note
-------- ----
H :JT :BP
Legal information was not supplied with POW when it was obtained by the author
of this manual.
No copyright notices are apparent in the program, either on startup or when
using the PC-DOS DEBUG facility.
Additionally, no copyright notices appear with the supplied documentation.
By virtue of these facts, and the fact that program distribution is free (as
witnessed by public PC software library status), no infringement is
committed by using POW.
However, it is safe to assume that the original program from which POW evolved,
PRINTER, was copyrighted by Clyde Roby, and due to similarities between the
two programs, private marketing of POW is not advised.
:BP
The information contained in this manual has been obtained from a variety of
sources and is believed to be correct and reliable, however the author makes
no warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, with regard to the
program or the documentation contained in this manual.
The author shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential
damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance,
or use of this program and its accompanying documentation.
Any changes, errors, and ommissions called to my attention will be greatly
appreciated and the corrections will be made in the next edition.
:LF 5
Michael V. Maieli
:LF 1
January, 1983
:LF 1
=================